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Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Runmarker B et al. Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with twenty-five years of follow-up. Brain 1993; 116 ( Pt 1):117-34.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Weinshenker BG et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability. Brain 1989; 112 ( Pt 1):133-46.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Confavreux C et al. Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: an amnesic process. Brain 2003; 126(Pt 4):770-82.
  4. ↑ Tremlett H et al.Disability progression in multiple sclerosis is slower than previously reported. Neurology 2006; 66(2):172-7.
  5. ↑ Weinshenker BG et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 2. Predictive value of the early clinical course. Brain 1989; 112 ( Pt 6):1419-28.
  6. ↑ Weinshenker BG et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 3. Multivariate analysis of predictive factors and models of outcome. Brain 1991; 114 ( Pt 2):1045-56.
  7. ↑ Weinshenker BG et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 4. Applications to planning and interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials. Brain 1991; 114 ( Pt 2):1057-67.
  8. ↑ Cottrell DA et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 5. The clinical features and natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999; 122 ( Pt 4):625-39.
  9. ↑ Cottrell DA et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 6. Applications to planning and interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999; 122 ( Pt 4):641-7.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Kremenchutzky M et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease. Brain 2006; 129(Pt 3):584-94.
  11. ↑ Confavreux C et al. Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343(20):1430-8.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Confavreux C et al. Age at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006; 129(Pt 3):595-605.
  13. ↑ Confavreux C et al. Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept. Brain 2006; 129(Pt 3):606-16.
  14. ↑ Eriksson M et al. Long-term follow up of patients with clinically isolated syndromes, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2003; 9(3):260-74.
  15. ↑ Tremlett H et al. The natural history of primary progressive MS in British Columbia, Canada. Neurology 2005; 65(12):1919-23.
  16. ↑ Sayao AL et al. Longitudinal follow-up of "benign" multiple sclerosis at 20 years. Neurology 2007; 68(7):496-500.
  17. ↑ Tremlett H et al. Natural history of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 14(3):314-24.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Ramsaransing GS et al. Predictive value of clinical characteristics for 'benign' multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14(8):885-9.
  19. ↑ Hawkins SA et al. Benign multiple sclerosis? Clinical course, long term follow up, and assessment of prognostic factors. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67(2):148-52.
  20. ↑ Pittock SJ et al. Clinical implications of benign multiple sclerosis: a 20-year population-based follow-up study. Ann Neurol 2004; 56(2):303-6.
  21. ↑ Bronnum-Hansen H et al. Trends in survival and cause of death in Danish patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 2004;127(Pt 4):844-50.
  22. ↑ Degenhardt A et al. Clinical prognostic factors in multiple sclerosis: a natural history review. Nat Rev Neurol 2009; 5(12):672-82.
  23. ↑ Fisniku et al. Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2008; 131(Pt 3):808-17.
  24. ↑ Brex PA et al. A longitudinal study of abnormalities on MRI and disability from multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:158-64.
  25. ↑ Brex PA, Ciccarelli O, O’Riordan JI, et al. A longitudinal study of abnormalities on MRI and disability from multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:158-64.
  26. ↑ CHAMPS study group. MRI predictors of early conversion to clinically definite MS in the CHAMPS placebo group. Neurology 2002; 59:998-1005.
  27. ↑ Barkhof F, Rocca M, Francis G, et al. Validation of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging criteria for multiple sclerosis and response to interferon beta1a. Ann Neurol 2003; 53:718-24.
  28. ↑ Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH, et al. Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study. Lancet 2007; 370:389-97.
  29. ↑ Goodin 2012 Neurology
  30. ↑ Ebers 2010 JNNP
  31. ↑ Kappos Lancet 2007, Kappos Lancet Neurology 2009, Edan JNNP 2012
  32. ↑ Shirnai Jama 2012
  33. ↑ Trojano 2006